Detection & Prevention

Child abuse is both shocking and commonplace. Child abusers inflict physical, sexual, and emotional trauma on defenseless children every day. The scars can be deep and long-lasting. Unfortunately, the more subtle forms of child abuse such as neglect and emotional abuse can be just as traumatizing as violent physical abuse. Focused support can help both the victims of child abuse and the child abusers themselves.

What is child abuse?

Child abuse consists of any act or failure to act that endangers a child's physical or emotional health and development. A person caring for a child is abusive if he or she fails to nurture the child, physically injures the child, or relates sexually to the child.

What are the types of child abuse?

The four major types of child abuse are:

* Physical abuse
* Sexual abuse
* Emotional abuse
* Neglect

What is neglect?

Neglect is a failure to provide for the child's basic needs. The types of neglect are:

* physical
* educational
* emotional

Physical neglect

Physical neglect is not providing for a child's physical needs, including:

* inadequate provision of food, housing, or clothing appropriate for season or weather
* lack of supervision
* expulsion from the home or refusal to allow a runaway to return home
* abandonment
* denial or delay of medical care
* inadequate hygiene

Educational neglect

Educational neglect is the failure to enroll a child of mandatory school age in school or to provide necessary special education. This includes allowing excessive truancies from school.

Emotional (psychological) neglect

Emotional neglect is a lack of emotional support and love, such as:

* not attending to the child's needs, including need for affection
* failure to provide necessary psychological care
* domestic violence in the child's presence, such as spousal or partner abuse
* drug and alcohol abuse in the presence of the child, or allowing the child to participate in drug and alcohol use

When authorities examine emotional neglect, they take into consideration cultural values and standards of care, as well as the level of family income, which may interfere with proper care.

Some overlap exists between the definitions of emotional abuse and emotional neglect; regardless, they are both child abuse.

What are the signs and symptoms of child abuse?

If you suspect child abuse, but aren't sure, look for clusters of the following physical and behavioral signs.

Some signs of physical abuse

* Unexplained burns, cuts, bruises, or welts in the shape of an object
* Bite marks
* Anti-social behavior
* Problems in school
* Fear of adults
* Drug or alcohol abuse
* Self-destructive or suicidal behavior
* Depression or poor self-image

Some signs of emotional abuse

* Apathy
* Depression
* Hostility
* Lack of concentration
* Eating disorders - Learn more about Healthy eating

Some signs of sexual abuse

* Inappropriate interest in or knowledge of sexual acts
* Seductiveness
* Avoidance of things related to sexuality, or rejection of own genitals or bodies
* Nightmares and bed wetting
* Drastic changes in appetite
* Overcompliance or excessive aggression
* Fear of a particular person or family member
* Withdrawal, secretiveness, or depression
* Suicidal behavior
* Eating disorders
* Self-injury

Sometimes there are no obvious physical signs of sexual abuse, and a physician must examine the child to confirm the abuse.

Some signs of neglect

* Unsuitable clothing for weather
* Being dirty or unbathed
* Extreme hunger
* Apparent lack of supervision

Information from Helpguide - http://www.helpguide.org/mental/child_abuse_physical_emotional_sexual_neglect.htm

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Child abuse


Detecting child abuse and what to do when you suspect a child is being abused
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